中国生态文明建设（中英对照）连载之四十四
与周边国家环境合作
本书由北京语言大学出版社出版，2014（教学课件光盘版） 作者 蒋高明
4.4.4与周边国家的环境合作
4.4.4 Environmental protection cooperation with neighboring countries
1999年～2013年间，我曾多次拜访周边国家，参加国际环境合作方面的活动，包括荒漠化治理、生物多样性保护、跨界自然保护区建设等。我还帮助中国呼伦贝尔成功申报了达赉湖世界生物圈保护区项目，该保护区地跨中国、俄罗斯与蒙古三国，是典型的国际保护区，主要保护湿地生态系统与天鹅、黄羊等珍稀濒危物种。
From 1999 to 2013, I visited neighboring countries several times to participate in international environmental cooperation activities, including desertification control, protection of biodiversity, and construction of cross-border nature reserves. I also helped Hulun Buir successfully establish the Dalai Lake World Biosphere Reserve Project. This reserve is a typical international reserve spanning parts of China, Russia and Mongolia, and it is intended mainly for protecting wetland ecosystems and swans and Mongolian gazelle and other rare and endangered species.
我参加的上述活动，属于国际环境科学家之间，科学家与政府、企业之间的交流合作。2009年6月，我以小组召集人的身份，在日本神奈川县参加了亚欧环境论坛第7次圆桌会议。该论坛由亚欧环境基金会、日本环境部、联合国环境计划署（UNEP）联合举办，来自欧洲和亚洲40多个国家的50多名代表参加了会议，其中有科学家、政治家、企业家、非政府组织、慈善家、媒体从业人员等。会上，我介绍了我们在浑善达克连续进行了9年的生态恢复试验。
The above activities I was involved in were relevant to international exchanges and cooperation between scientists of environmental protection, and between scientists and government and enterprises. In June 2009, as the convener of my group, I participated in the seventh round-table meeting of Asia-Europe Environment Forum in Kanagawa, Japan. The forum was sponsored by the Asia-Europe Foundation, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan and the United Nations Environment Program, and attended by more than 50 representatives from more than 40 countries in Europe and Asia, such as scientists, politicians, entrepreneurs, non-governmental organizations, philanthropists, and media professionals, etc. At the meeting, I introduced our 9-year experiment of ecological restoration in Hunshandake Sandland.
在政府层面上，中国政府也十分重视环境保护工作的国际合作，多次派出由多部门官员和专家组成的中国政府代表团，出席一系列全球性及区域性的环境保护国际合作会议，加强了与联合国环境规划署、联合国开发署、世界银行、全球环境基金等国际机构的协调与合作，较好地完成了一批双边、多边的国际合作项目。
At the government level, China has attached great importance to international cooperation in environmental protection, and sent on several occasions delegations made up of government officials and experts to attend global and regional international cooperation conferences on environmental protection, so as to enhance coordination and cooperation with the United Nations Environment Program, the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility and other international institutions. So far it has finished a number of bilateral and multilateral international cooperation projects.
中日环境合作已建立了比较完善的机制，区域经济集团化和地区环境合作机制，越来越成为中日环境合作的重要管道。迄今为止，中日间已开展了形式多样的各项环境合作专案，包括技术开发、合作研究、人员培训、宣传教育和能力建设等方面，涉及大气和水污染治理、生态保护、农林业、水资源、环境监控、基础环境设施建设和生态城市建设等多个领域。实践表明，这些专案在帮助提高中国环境管理能力、改善环境质量和促进可持续发展等方面发挥了积极作用。
A relatively complete mechanism has been established. Integration of regional economy and regional environmental cooperation mechanism has increasingly become an important channel for China-Japan cooperation on the environment protection. So far, China and Japan have carried out various forms of cooperation in various environmental projects, including technology development, collaborative research, personnel training, education and capacity building, involving air and water pollution control, ecological conservation, agriculture and forestry, water resources, environmental monitoring, infrastructure construction and ecological city construction. Practice shows that these projects have played a positive role in China in improving the environmental management capacity, environmental quality and sustainable development, etc.
中国与韩国隔黄海相望，面临着公共海域的环境污染和生态破坏问题。韩国比较关注黄海的污染，中韩双方曾在1998年合作进行过黄海水质调查。按照韩国提供的采样与分析方法，在24个监测站点进行了水质检测，共同开展海洋洋流运动、海洋生态变化、海洋污染治理等海域环境状况方面的基础研究。除此之外，中日韩三国还有合作。1999年，中日韩为探讨解决三国共同面临的区域环境问题，举行了第一次三国环境部长会议。此后，这一高规格的联合会议连续举办了7次。
Separated by the Yellow Sea, South Korea and China face the same problem of environmental pollution and ecological destruction of public waters. South Korea is much concerned about the pollution of the Yellow Sea and has worked with China in surveying the water quality of the sea in 1998. Monitoring has been carried out at 24 sites according to the sampling and analysis methods provided by South Korea. And the two countries have jointly undertaken basic research on marine environments like ocean current movement, changes in the marine ecosystem, and marine pollution control. In addition, cooperation has been conducted among the three countries. In 1999, in order to discuss some common regional environmental problems, China, Japan and South Korea held their first tripartite environmental ministerial meeting. Since then, this type of high profile joint meeting has been held 7 times.
为促进中俄环境合作，2006年，中俄总理定期会晤委员会成立了环保分委会，中俄环保合作进入了一个崭新阶段。中俄总理定期会晤委员会环保分委会由中国环保部和俄罗斯联邦自然资源部组成，下设3个工作组：污染防治和环境灾害应急联络工作组、跨界自然保护区及生物多样性保护工作组、跨界水体水质监测及保护工作组。其中，中俄在松花江流域水污染防治规划、跨界水体水质联合监测和松花江污染事件应急联合监测等工作上，取得了较大的进展。
In order to promote Sino-Russian environmental cooperation, the Working Group for the regular meeting of Premiers of China and Russia set up an environmental protection committee in 2006, marking a new phase of environmental cooperation between the two countries. The sub-committee of the group comprised of the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, with 3 working groups: the response working group on pollution control and environmental hazards, the working group on protection of trans-boundary nature reserves and biodiversity, and the working group on water quality monitoring and protection for trans-boundary rivers. The two countries have made a great progress on a water pollution prevention plan for the Songhua River, cross-border joint monitoring of water quality, and joint emergency monitoring work of the Songhua River pollution incidents.
中蒙两国加强在环保领域的合作，主要体现在加强双方在防治沙漠化、可再生能源开发利用、跨境自然保护区建设等领域的合作。双方还在保护蒙古国珍稀野生动物戈壁熊方面开展了具体合作研究。2004年7月，我带领中国科学院植物研究所的科研团队，赴蒙古国乌兰巴托和温都尔汗省，开展了一个月的野外工作。因为中国内蒙古和蒙古国的草原是一个整体生态系统，我们选址建立了蒙古草原生态系统长期定位研究站，将中国境内开展的长期草原研究，扩大到蒙古国，建站费用由中国商务部承担。在蒙古国，我遇到了来自俄罗斯和日本的专家，他们对蒙古国这块草原也有着浓厚的兴趣，资助本国科学家来蒙古国开展研究。可见，中国与周边国家，尤其与日本、俄罗斯之间，有合作也有竞争。
Cooperation between China and Mongolia for environmental protection is mainly reflected in the concerted efforts to combat desertification, development and utilization of renewable energy, and construction of cross-border nature reserves, etc. The two countries also joined hands in the protection of the Gobi Bear, a rare wild animal in Mongolia. In July 2004, I led a research team from CAS Institute of Botany to Ulan Bator and Ondorhaan in Mongolia for one month of fieldwork. Because the two countries share a common ecosystem, we established a long-term Mongolia grassland ecosystem research station, so as to expand the grassland study conducted within China to Mongolia, and the costs for building the station were afforded by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce. In Mongolia, I met some experts from Russia and Japan. The two nations also had strong interest in the Mongolian grasslands and funded their scientists to do research in Mongolia. We can see that there are both cooperation and competition between China and its neighboring countries, especially with Japan and Russia.
中国与周边国家的环境合作，提升了中国的国际形象。在人类这个唯一的地球村中，中国向世界贡献的不只是“中国制造”的产品，还有中国的环保理念、环保技术和环保行动。现在，中国政府又进一步下大力气建设生态文明，这些行动对周边国家，乃至对全世界生态环境的改善，都有积极的意义。
China’s cooperation with surrounding countries in the field of environment protection has improved its international image. In the global village, what China contributes to the world is not just “made in China” products, but also China’s environmental protection philosophy, technology and action. Now, the government is endeavoring to build an ecological civilization, which is conducive to its neighboring countries and the whole world as well in terms of improvement of the ecological environment.
