中国生态文明建设（中英对照）连载之三十四
农业部
本书由北京语言大学出版社出版，2014（教学课件光盘版） 作者 蒋高明
4.1.5农业部
4.1.5 Ministry of Agriculture
中国人常说民以食为天。吃饭是老百姓的头等大事，因此也是政府的头等大事。农业部就是管这件头等大事的，是主管农业与农村经济发展的国务院组成部门。但农业与生态文明建设有什么关系呢？
People often say “Food is the primary necessity of the people”. Food is of utmost importance in life. Naturally it is the top priority of the government. The Ministry of Agriculture is put in charge of this top-priority matter. It is an integral part of the State Council responsible for agriculture and rural economic development. So, what’s the relationship between agriculture and ecological civilization?
中国有18多亿亩耕地，有着广泛的农业区。农业生产活动对全国生态环境的影响是很大的。前面说过的焚烧秸秆问题，就是农业生产不当造成的大气污染。除此之外，过量使用化肥、农药，造成地表水甚至地下水污染；农膜造成土地污染和生态破坏；转基因作物飘逸[1]造成生物多样性遭受威胁等等，都和农业密切相关。因此，耕地生态健康，耕作方式环保，对生态文明建设至关重要。也只有这样，才能够生产安全健康的食品，保障人类的健康。
China has more than 1.8 billion mu of arable lands and broad farming areas. Agricultural activities have great impact on the ecological environment. Straw burning mentioned earlier is air pollution brought about by improper agricultural production. In addition, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides also results in surface water or groundwater pollution; agricultural films cause land pollution and ecological destruction; and the gene flow of genetically modified crops threatens biodiversity. Thus, the ecological health of farmland and environment-friendly farming practices are essential for ecological civilization. Only in this way can we produce safe and healthy food to protect human health.
农业部与生态文明建设有关的工作主要有以下几个方面[2]：
Work of the Ministry of Agriculture related to ecological civilization construction mainly covers the following aspects:
（1）组织农业资源区划、生态农业和农业可持续发展工作；指导农用地、渔业水域、草原、宜农滩涂、宜农湿地、农村可再生能源的开发利用以及农业生物物种资源的保护和管理。
(1) organizing agricultural resources division, ecological agriculture, and sustainable agricultural development; guiding development and utilization of agricultural land, fishing waters, grasslands, beaches suitable for farming, wetlands suitable for farming, renewable energy in rural areas, and reservation and management of agricultural biological resources.
（2）负责保护渔业水域生态环境和水生野生动植物工作；维护国家渔业权益，代表国家行使渔船检验和渔政、渔港监督管理权。
(2) protecting the ecological environment of fishing waters and aquatic wild animals and plants; safeguarding national fishery rights and interests; carrying out fishing boat inspection, and supervising and managing fishery administration and fishing ports.
（3）拟定农业各产业技术标准并组织实施；组织实施农业各产业产品及绿色食品的质量监督、认证和农业植物新品种的保护工作；组织国内生产及进口种子、农药、兽药、肥料等产品的登记和农机安全监理工作。
(3) formulating technical standards for various agricultural industries and implementing them; organizing and executing quality control and certification of agricultural products and green food, and protecting new varieties of agricultural plants; organizing domestic production and registration of imported seeds, pesticides, veterinary drugs, and fertilizers; and supervising safe operation of agricultural machinery.
除此之外，农业部也经常在生态环境保护工作中发挥重要作用，这和当前的化学农业依赖农药、化肥、除草剂等“农业六害”有密切关系。
In addition, the Ministry plays an important role in ecological and environmental protection, which is closely related to the reliance on chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides and other agricultural curses.
2013年5月，农业部下大力气处理了山东潍坊一带“神农丹”毒姜事件。神农丹是一种剧毒农药，被国家禁止使用，但有商家违法销售，部分农业生产者违法使用，造成毒姜流向市场。在农业部和公安部的共同努力下，神农丹在农药市场上消失了。
In May 2013, it put in a lot of time and efforts dealing with Aldicrab poison ginger incident in Weifang, Shandong Province. Aldicrab is a highly toxic banned pesticide. But illegal selling and use of it created toxic ginger in the market. Through joint efforts of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Public Security, Aldicrab disappeared in the pesticide market.
再比如，2013年11月1日，农业部、环保部、联合国开发计划署共同开发的“中国含滴滴涕三氯杀螨醇生产控制和IPM技术全额示范项目”圆满结束。滴滴涕是《斯德哥尔摩公约》要求淘汰的首批持久性有机污染物（POPs）化学品之一。中国从1983年开始，就禁止了滴滴涕在农业上的使用，但是在生产三氯杀螨醇过程中，存在滴滴涕残留问题。这个项目的实施，用螨害综合管理（IPM）技术替代了三氯杀螨醇的使用，每年可减少使用约2800吨的滴滴涕，意味着减少了约1000吨含滴滴涕废物，减少向环境排放滴滴涕约170吨。不但减少了环境污染，保护了耕地安全，也为中国《斯德哥尔摩公约》履约工作做出了积极贡献。
Here is another example. On November 1st, 2013, the Demonstration Project of DDT-based Production of Dicofol and Application of Alternative Technology Including IPM on Leaf Mites developed by the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the United Nations Development Program came to a successful conclusion. DDT is one of the first batches of POPs chemicals required to be abandoned by the Stockholm Convention. Since 1983, China has banned its use in agriculture, but in the dicofol production process, there remains the problem of DDT residue. The project has substituted dicofol with the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology, which can reduce the use of DDT by approximately 2,800 tons per year. It means 1,000 tons of waste containing DDT has been reduced, a decrease of 170 tons of DDT emission. It has not only reduced the environmental pollution and protected arable land, but also made positive contributions to China’s compliance with the Stockholm Convention.
从上面的例子可以看出，农业部在生态文明建设方面的工作，往往直接涉及食品安全，与我们的生活乃至生命息息相关。
As can be seen from the above examples, the Ministry’s work in construction of ecological civilization is often directly related to food safety and closely linked to daily life and human survival.
[1] 也叫基因漂移，指通过基因工程，施加于一种生物的目标基因，通过自然传播向附近野生近缘物种转移，导致附近野生近缘物种的基因发生变化。这种变化可能形成新的物种，以致整个生态系统发生结构性的变化。基因漂移作用是转基因工程很难彻底控制的不良后果，具有长远的潜在危险性。
33 Also known as genetic drift, it refers to the process of a target gene applied to a species by means of genetic engineering, which transfers to nearby closely related species through natural spreading, resulting in genetic changes in nearby closely related species. Genetic drift is the adverse consequence of transgenic engineering and it is hard to completely control, so it has long-term potential danger.
[2] 农业部的具体职能，可以参看如下网址：http://2010jiuban.agri.gov.cn/nyb/jgzz.htm
[2]For specific functions of the Ministry of Agriculture, please visit: http://2010jiuban.agri.gov.cn/nyb/jgzz.htm
